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Use Of Steroids For Sports Athletes - 1684 Words

The Use of Steroids in Sports Imagine yourself as a young professional athlete, who has been suffering from constant injuries. Physical therapy might help the injury heal but the time being wasted also plays a major factor. Your doctor and physician eventually bring up the conversation of early retirement unless you can show them that you’re capable of returning to your natural ways. Realizing that your career could be here today and gone tomorrow is something that every athlete thinks about. Suddenly the idea of steroids enters your mind and it could possibly be the only thing to save your career and more importantly your body. The use of steroids by professional athletes has been acknowledged as a problem since at least the 1960s (CNN). This has led to sports organizations banning illegal substances from being used by any athlete. Not giving consideration that perhaps steroids can surge the athlete’s potential along with increasing their career expectancy. Therefore a thletes should be allowed to use steroids. Visualize a world where steroids are common and legal for sports. Bigger, faster, and stronger athletes will be produced to make the sport itself much more exciting. There would be a higher level of competition along with less drama about athletes playing unfair. When an athlete is having trouble with reaching their maximum potential, they turn to the idea of using steroids. Some athletes take a form of steroids known as anabolic-androgen steroids or just anabolicShow MoreRelatedSteroid Use in Sports1732 Words   |  7 Pagespercent of professional athletes use illegal steroids which are also known as performance enhancing drugs. These substances which are banned in professional sports aren’t just any type of steroid or drug. They are called anabolic steroids or performance enhancing drugs, and they are synthetically produced substances of male testosterone hormones. The use of these illegal steroids has garnered a lot of publicity within the world of sports over the past few years. As athletes continue to become biggerRead MoreSteroids And Other Performance Enhancing Drugs1407 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids in Sports Introduction The debate over athletes using steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs has always been a hot-button issue in the sports world. From major league athletes in baseball and football; to track stars and bicyclist in the Olympics, the use of steroids in sports has been a wide-range problem. Those who disagree with the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs say that the athletes who use them are breaking the rules and getting an unfair advantage overRead MoreEssay about The Use of Steroids in Sports1299 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic associated sports. So much attention, time, and money are devoted to sports these days, maybe even too much. Perhaps all the pressure is what has sparked steroid use in sports and stimulated numerous controversies over the subject. The use of steroids is an unfair training method for sports. Unfairness is contrary to laws, marked by deception, and unethical. When the legality, lack of work and advantageousness, and cheating are exam ined it is easy to see how steroids are extremely unfairRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Use in Sports Summary1493 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic Steroid use in Sports The competitive drive to win at all cost is fierce among athletes. Winning at all cost often includes using one of many performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids. Many athletes use performance enhancing drugs, like steroids, to achieve higher goals and set higher records than other drug-free successful athletes. Although athletes are performing at higher levels when using such drugs, what is the cost? Finally anabolic steroids should remain bannedRead More Steroids in Sports Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional sports are very special in the United States. One reason for this is the spirit of competition. However, steroid use taints this competition. If steroids were to be completely eliminated from sports, the competition would be much more special because athletes would compete with their hearts and will, without an extra boost. Also, since not everybody can be a professional athlete, the elimination of steroid use, in my opinion, would make the fans appreciate the game more and make themRead MoreSteriods in Sports Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThat athlete could improve his or her already superb skills into something even greater. This can be possible with the help of steroids. There is a current debate of allowing steroids to be legal in sports. Steroids should not be allowed in sports. Some people ask why. This research paper will give those people just a few of the many reasons why it should not be allowed. Through examining dangers of steroid abuse, ethics in sports, and characteristics of individuals who take and use steroids, it isRead MoreThe Increasing Epidemic of Steroids621 Words   |  3 Pages Steroids As the popularity of sports continues to increase in society, so has the use of performance enhancing drugs, primarily anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids increase the amount of testosterone in the body which allows for increased muscular development. These drugs have been known to be used in all kinds of different sports. Athletes will use these drugs to try to please fans, receive a large contract, and to try to keep up with the players who are already using these drugs. This is creatingRead MoreDrugs Should Be Banned For Professional Sports1211 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Use In Sports Ninety-eight percent of professional athletes say that they would take performance enhancing drugs if they didn’t have a chance of getting caught. Performance enhancing drugs, or PEDs, or steroids, have been around since 776 BC when the Greeks would use them to improve their performance in the Olympic Games. During World War II, the Germans, including Hitler, would take steroids to make themselves stronger and more aggressive. The Americans, British, and Japanese also began toRead MoreSports Philosophy And Recreation : Anabolic Steroids1430 Words   |  6 PagesSports Philosophy and Recreation Are Anabolic Steroids Important Of Body Building? I will argue no that anabolic steroids are not important for body building because they have great negative effects. The use of anabolic steroids has been discouraged over the years because of their side effects, and they are against the philosophy of sports. The steroids are medicine and protein supplements that aid in the body building. I hugely oppose the notion that anabolic steroid are imperative in buildingRead MoreSteroids And Athletes Should Not Be Allowed1234 Words   |  5 PagesSteroids and Athletes What is the best way to get big quick? Most would say to go to the gym or start a more intense workout program and eat right. It is contrary for some professional athletes that go against the correct way to maximize their strength and take steroids. Most your sport competitors participate in sports to have the opportunity to put their abilities against those of their peers. Many athletes are determined to win at all cost. They may use that determination to justify the use of

The Health Belief Theory

Questions: 1. Discuss the concepts and sub concepts of the theory with clarity and simplicity. 2. Describe the generality of the theory and how it is applied broadly across the culture. Give examples that support your view. 3. Discuss the impact and continuing influence or predictability for further development. Answers: Introduction According to Wills (2015), the health belief theory explains that the involvement or lack of involvement in behaviours that promote health is triggered by beliefs and factors that include perceived benefits for undertaking the action, severity of health problem , a cue or stimulus for taking the action and self-efficacy in taking the action. Discussion 1. The health belief model has six concepts as described below Perceived Susceptibility The perceived susceptibility refers to the assessment of an individual in acquiring the disease or the health condition (Walker Jackson, 2015).The health belief model asserts that individual who conceives themselves as more susceptible to acquiring a certain health problem will engage in behaviors that aim at reducing the risk of acquiring the health condition (Walker Jackson, 2015) .The theory also explains that the individual who perceives themselves to be at a lower risk of contracting the health problem are likely to involve themselves in risky and unhealthy behaviors and do not take the necessary precaution in preventing the risk of acquiring the health problem. Perceived Severity The health belief model explains perceived severity as the person perception on the potential consequences and seriousness of the health condition (Davis, Buchanan Green, 2013).The people who perceive the health problem as likely to cause a serious health condition or consequences are more likely to develop positive health behaviors in order to prevent the health condition. Perceived Benefits The perceived benefits refer to the persons believes that taking a certain action will lower the susceptibility and severity for a particular health condition (Ar-Yuwat, Clark, Hunter James, 2013). An individual who believes that undertaking a certain action will reduce seriousness and risk of the health condition will engage in it regardless on the objective fact of whether the action is effective or not effective. Perceived Barriers The perceived barrier is ones beliefs on the obstacles that hinder the behavioral change including both psychological and tangible cost (Ayele, Tesfa, Abebe, , Tilahun Girma, 2012). The perceived barrier prevent a person from embracing a health promoting behavior despite understanding that undertaking certain action will reduce the threat of disease. The behavioral change can, therefore, occur if perceived benefits outweigh the perceived barriers. The perceived barriers include the cost of undertaking the action, discomfort, and side effects for undertaking the behavioral change. Cues to Action The health belief model argues that there should be activating factors required for an individual to undertake a behavioural change in promoting good health (Jalilian, Hazavehei, Vahidinia, Jalilian Moghimbeigi, 2013).The triggering factors to taking the action can be both external and internal. The external triggering factors include the information and awareness provided to an individual from other people. The internal triggering factors can be psychological including pain and symptoms. Self-efficacy The Health belief model states that self-efficacy is the individual perception as possessing the capability of undertaking the action towards promoting positive health behaviors. Ar-Yuwat, Clark, Hunter James (2013) asset that the individual who believes to possess the ability to change their behaviors in order to prevent a health problem are more likely to change their behaviors. The actions for behavioral change may include exercise, quitting smoking and diet modification. 2. Application The health belief model is applied in promoting positive behavioral changes by targeting the various concepts of the model in order to prevent and reduce the risks of health problem due to certain behaviors (Wills, 2015). The application aim at increasing the peoples perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, perceived severity, cue to action and perceived benefit and decreasing the perceived barriers in order for them to undertake behavioral changes aimed at promoting health (Wills, 2015). The health belief model can, for example, be used to impose behavioral changes in order to prevent the risk of heart attack in the members of the community by educating them on the consequences and risk of the disease, prevalence, incidences and training the people on the health promoting behaviors. The model can also be used to reduce HIV transmission by use of a condom. The educator can increase the perceived susceptibility and perceived severity in not using a condom and manipulate the people on the perceived benefits of using a condom in order to reduce the risk of contracting HIV. 3. Impact and Influences The embracement of the health belief model in the health sector can have a significant impact on reducing the risk of developing certain health conditions. The health professional should use the health belief model in order to educate and manipulate the people to change the behaviors that are risk factors for certain diseases and promote behaviors that prevent the diseases (Davis, Buchanan Green, 2013). The theory, however, does not relate other reasons that may be influencing health- related behaviors but unrelated with health. A person exercising for leisure and to feel better does not fit in this model because there is no negative consequence motivating the person to exercise although the person avoids risk of heart attack due to exercise. Conclusion The health belief model is one of the theories that can be embraced by health care professional in order to champion for good health of the people by inspiring people to live a healthy lifestyle. The health belief model has six concepts all of which determines a person adoption to behaviours that promote health. The understanding of the six concepts of the health belief model by the health care professional is what helps them guide the patient on ways of changing behaviours that promote health. References Ar-Yuwat, S., Clark, M. J., Hunter, A., James, K. S. (2013). Determinants of physical activity in primary school students using the health belief model.J Multidiscip Healthc,6, 119-26. Ayele, K., Tesfa, B., Abebe, L., Tilahun, T., Girma, E. (2012). Self care behavior among patients with diabetes in Harari, Eastern Ethiopia: the health belief model perspective.PloS one,7(4), e35515. Davis, J. L., Buchanan, K. L., Green, B. L. (2013). Racial/ethnic differences in cancer prevention beliefs: Applying the health belief model framework.Health Promotion,27(6), 384-389. Jalilian, F., Hazavehei, S. M. M., Vahidinia, A. A., Jalilian, M., Moghimbeigi, A. (2013). Prevalence and related factors for choosing self-medication among pharmacies visitors based on Health Belief Model in Hamadan Province, West of Iran.Journal of research in health sciences,13(1), 81-85. Walker, K., Jackson, R. (2015). The health belief model and determinants of oral hygiene practices and beliefs in preteen children: a pilot study.Pediatric dentistry,37(1), 40-45. Wills, T. (2015). Factors relating to motivation to change behaviour in individuals who are overweight: application of the health belief model.

Hamilton Wong, In-Charge Accountant free essay sample

If I was in Hamilton Wong’s position, I think I would report all of the time I spent working on the Wille Lomas audit, even if it exceeded the budget. As an accountant, my ethical responsibility is to be honest and have integrity and by not reporting the actual amount of time I worked on the audit, I would be lying. I will be losing my honesty and integrity if I was not to report the actual amount of worked I did. I would first have to evaluate why it is that I am spending a large amount of time on that part of the audit; is it because I am not managing my time efficiently or because a situation arise with regards to the examination or the documents. I would then talk to my manager and let them know the reasons for which I will be going over the budget. The manager would be able to find a solution to not go too much over budget or he or she will be able to talk to the client about the situation. The second reason why I would report all of the time I spend working on the audit will be because if an inquiry was to arise, I would be able to demonstrate all the worked I did on the engagement. Documentation and paper trail is a big part of the audit, therefore it will be very important to keep proper tacking of who worked on what and how much time was spend working on the engagement. Although Lauren Hutchinson is not doing anything illegal, I do believe that she behaved unethically by underreporting the time she worked on the Willie Lomax engagement. Lauren is lying about the spent time working on the engagement and therefore is not been honest, which is a responsibility of an accountant and auditor. Lauren was lying to her managers and to the client. The manager will be under the perception that Lauren is more efficient than others, even to the point of going under budget, and will be more likely to give her the promotion. I see this as unethical because it is an unfair advantage over the other audit staff. Lauren will also be lying to client, who will misrepresent the efficiency of the audit. This could bring problems in the future when Lauren cannot â€Å"eat† so much time or when the audit staff is rotated. 2. Academic research suggests that underreported time on audit engagements is a common practice. What are the key objectives of tracking hours worked by individual accounts or assignments on audit engagements? What implications does the underreporting of time have for individual auditors, their colleagues, and the overall quality of independence audits? One of the key objectives of tracking the hours worked by individual accounts assignments on an audit is to have documentation to show the client why they are charging them what they are been billed and how much time was spent in their audit engagement. This way the client can clearly see that all the time reported and charged to them was actually worked in certain part of their engagement. Another objective of tracking hours is to show how much time was spent on individual accounts and determine which accounts require more time. This will alert for staff and managers to assess that account and investigate why so much time it is spent on that account. This process could possibly make the manager aware that there could be a problem with such account. Another objective of tracking the hours is to measure the efficient of the staff working on the audit. Some auditors might be misusing their time and others could be underreporting their time. This could be beneficial for mangers when they need to assess the staff auditors and help them during promotions. However, this could be a problem as we saw in the case with Lauren. This leads me to one of the implications of underreporting time. Colleagues can be affected because a person who underreports time, like Lauren, could possibly get an unfair promotion. Managers will evaluate how an individual performs based on the budgets, thus a person who underreports time spend working on an engagement will seem more efficient than other employees. In the case of Hamilton, if he reports all of his hours and Lauren does not, it will seem as if she was more efficient than him and is more likely to get the promotion. If Lauren can underreport her hours and get away with it, even benefiting by getting the promotion, her colleagues and other auditors will think it is acceptable to underreport their hours. This will result in even more unethical behavior by their colleagues and other individual auditors. Hamilton, for example, will feel that he could possibly get away with underreporting his hours since he is the timekeeper and someone else is doing it. Hamilton will not see his behavior as unethical but rather as an opportunity to level the playing field with Lauren in competing for the promotion. Therefore, if the unethical act of underreporting time continues without the individual been reprimanded, more auditors will be likely to follow Lauren’s example, creating an unethical work place. Underreporting time will also have an implication on the overall quality of the independent audits. If auditors realize they are spending more time than what was budgeted for a certain audit engagement, they will begin to cut corners and find other solutions to fall within budget. If auditors are more focused on meeting the budget, they might do their jobs in a rush manner, and possibly missing errors. Detecting errors is one of the responsibilities of the auditor, thus by cutting corners, and auditor can possibly violate their auditor’s responsibility. In the end, the quality of the audit will be low, which will not be good for the client; and not good for the firm in the long run. It is good to have auditors who are efficient but it becomes a problem when the quality of the audit drops. 3. What measures can accounting firms take to ensure that time budgets do not interfere with the successful completion of an audit or become dysfunctional in other ways? One measure accounting firms can take to ensure that time budgets do not interfere with the successful completion of an audit will be to decrease the focus on the time budget and raise the focus on the quality of the audit. Allowing flexibility in the time budget will give the auditors an incentive to be more honest about the time they actually spent on the engagement. If auditors are not so worried about meeting time budget, they can place their focus on the quality of the audit and will possibly do a better job. This will create an ethical work environment and reduce dilemmas like the one Hamilton is faced with. Having a flexible time budget could become a problem when presenting the budget to the client. However, I believe it could help in the completion of a successful audit. Another measure accounting firms can take to reduce interference of time budgets on the completion of successful audits is to create consequences for those who violate the code of ethics. If firms create penalties for those who falsify or lie on their time budgets, auditors will be less willing to underreport time. 4. What measures can accounting firms take to reduce the likelihood that personal rivalries among auditors of the same rank will become dysfunctional? One measure accounting firms can take to reduce the likelihood or rivalries among auditors of the same rank become dysfunctional is to create a better and more ethical work environment. If the firm takes measures to reduce the act of underreporting time, all auditors might be more ethical and will understand no one has a certain advantage over another. If auditors realize they all have a level playing field, personal rivalries will lessen and the audit will be successfully completed. In Hamilton’s case, he realizes that Lauren has an unfair advantage over him and might be willing to underreport his time; if this continues among all auditors, the work environment will become dysfunctional and the audit will not be completed successfully or with high quality. Another measure accounting firms can take to prevent personal rivalries is to implement clear policies about unethical behavior and fair incentives. If auditors perceive a fair playing field among all colleagues, they will be motivated to be more ethical and put personal rivalries aside, which will result in a successful completion of an audit.